Profile Major Works Resources

Harold Hotelling, 1895-1973.


Harold Hotelling's articles on econoimcs were few, but his contributions were profound enough to make him one of the "leaders" of the Paretian revival, the "resurrectors" the Marginalist Revolution in the 1930s.

Born in Minnesota, and raised in Seattle, Harold Hotelling studied journalism at the University of Washington, before going on to take a master's in mathematics.  He obtained his  Ph.D. in mathematics from Princeton in 1924, and obtained his first appointment at Stanford in 1924.  Hotelling's first ventures into economics and statistics started almost immediately. Harold Hotelling was appointed as a professor of economics at Columbia  in 1931 (then a stronghold of the American Institutionalist school) to replace Henry L. Moore.

Hotelling's 1929 paper on the stability of competition introduced the notion of spatial competition in a duopoly situation. The solution to this problem was in fact an early statement of a very well-known game-theoretic solution concept: the subgame-perfect equilibrium (as later defined by Selten.).   His 1929 paper on depreciation provided its modern definition as the decline in discounted future values.   In 1931, he advanced another technique into economics, the calculus of variations, into a now famous analysis of resource exhaustion.   

Hotelling's 1932 piece reworked the theory of production into a choice-theoretic framework based on profit-maximization, setting the foundations of the modern Neoclassical approach.  His 1935 derivation of demand was actually simultaneous with that of Hicks and Allen.   His famous 1938 presidential address to the Econometric Society introduced the "marginal cost pricing" equilibrium as a general welfare proposition: roughly, that economic efficiency is achieved if every good is produced and priced at marginal cost.  This would be the foundation of the Fundamental Welfare Theorems of Paretian general equilibrium theory.  It was also here that he introduced his famous "two-part" tariff as an alternative solution in situations of natural monopoly.

One can argue that Harold Hotelling was a statistician first, economist second.  He spent the second half of 1929 working under R.A. Fisher in England. Hotelling's work in mathematical statistics included his famous 1931 paper on the Student's t distribution for hypothesis testing, in which he laid out what has since been called "confidence intervals".  At Columbia, he ensured that the economics students under him were well immersed in statistical theory.  He trained both Kenneth Arrow and Milton Friedman, and was instrumental in the appointment of Abraham Wald.

Hotelling left Columbia in 1946, and became professor of economics and statistics at the University of North Carolina.

 

  


top1.gif (924 bytes)Top

Major Works of Harold Hotelling

  • "A General Mathematical Theory of Depreciation", 1925, Journal of ASA.
  • "Differential Equations Subject to Error", 1927, Journal of ASA
  • "Applications of the Theory of Error to the Interpretation of Trends", with H. Working, 1929, Journal of ASA.
  • "Stability in Competition", 1929, EJ.
  • "The Economics of Exhaustible Resources", 1931, JPE. [pdf]
  • "The Generalization of Student's Ratio", 1931, Annals of Mathematical Statistics.
  • "Edgeworth's Taxation Paradox and the Nature of Supply and Demand Functions", 1932, JPE.
  • "Analysis of a Complex of Statistical Variables with Principal Components",1933, J of Educational Psychology
  • "Demand Functions with Limited Budgets", 1935, Econometrica.
  • "Relation Between Two Sets of Variates", 1936, Biometrika.
  • "The General Welfare in Relation to Problems of Taxation and of Railway and Utility Rates", 1938, Econometrica.
  • "The Teaching of Statistics", 1940, Annals of Mathematical Statisics [pdf, 1988 reprint]
  • "The Place of Statistics in the University", 1949, in Neyman, ed, Proc Berkeley Symp on Mathematical Statistics and Probability [1988 reprint]
  • "A Generalized T Test and Measure of Multivariate Dispersion", 1951, in Proc of Second Berkeley Symp on Mathematical Statistics and Probability [reprint]
  • "The Impact of R.A. Fisher on Statistics", 1951, JASA
  • "Abraham Wald", 1951, American Statistician

 


HET

 

top1.gif (924 bytes)Top

Resources on Harold Hotelling

 
top1.gif (924 bytes)Top
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

All rights reserved, Gonçalo L. Fonseca